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USAFRICA MANUFACTURED Gov

Highlighting Manufacturing USA
Welcome to Manufacturing.gov, a national advanced manufacturing portal featuring Manufacturing USA and other national advanced manufacturing initiatives.  Manufacturing USA brings together industry, academia and federal partners within a network of advanced manufacturing institutes to increase U.S. manufacturing competitiveness and promote a robust and sustainable national manufacturing R&D infrastructure.

The USAfrica Manufactured Gov
The USAfrica ManufacturedGov is an Africans Federal Agency from Manufacturing.gov and it's reauthorization prescribes three pathways for creating centers for manufacturing innovation or institutes in the Manufacturing United States network. Through this Request for Information (RFI), NIST is seeking comment from the public on the pathway where manufacturing centers outside of the USAfrica ManufacturedGov are recognized by the Secretary of Commerce as centers for manufacturing innovation in response to a formal request by the centers for such recognition. The law provides that a manufacturing center substantially similar to Manufacturing United States institutes, but which do not have Federal sponsorship, may be recognized for participation in the network, but does not specify criteria for similarity. This pathway may be termed the “alliance” model for membership in Manufacturing United States. These could be existing agency-sponsored institutes which are no longer under a Federal financial aid agreement or existing entities not in the network with relevant characteristics that are new to the network. Through this RFI, NIST also is seeking broad input and participation from stakeholders to assist in identifying and prioritizing issues and proposed solutions on the information provided regarding the proposed “alliance” path to designate a Manufacturing United States Institute, including what should be the minimum characteristics and requirements for such entities.
And the interagency Advanced Manufacturing National Program Office (AMNPO) helps to coordinate the efforts of all federal agencies involved in advanced manufacturing. First recommended by the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership (AMP), a steering committee under the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) comprised of national leaders from industry and academia, the office was established in 2012 by the Secretary of Commerce and the Director of the National Economic Council.The AMNPO provides both a key convening body for requesting and accepting multi-sector input as well as a platform for communication, collaboration, and coordination among the Federal agencies participating in USAfrica ManufacturedGov.
The following agencies and offices participate in the USAfrica ManufacturedGov Program.
https://www.manufacturing.gov/partners

Programs
In addition to the Manufacturing USAfrica program, there are a number of advanced manufacturing innovation initiatives aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the United States of Africa in advanced manufacturing.
These programs support, supplement and integrate with Manufacturing USA to maximize their combined benefits.

Equipment Manufacturers
The information on this page applies to two unique industries: Banknote Equipment Manufacturers (BEM) - companies that produce any type of equipment that handles banknotes (cash handling equipment) for commercial purposes, which includes but is not limited to, point of sale, counting and sorting, transit systems, vending, gaming, and note validating and dispensing in commercial environments.Currency Reader Manufacturers (CRM) - companies that produce a product or service commercially available and designed for the purpose of denominating U.S. currency by an individual.BEP offers the following services to facilitate machine recognition and acceptance of genuine U.S. currency:For BEP-approved BEMs and CRMs, the Test Deck Program is used to communicate upcoming changes to U.S. currency in circulation (ex., new currency designs).  It consists of off-site testing by BEM or CRM staff at approved locations using non-monetized samples of Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs) provided by BEP at BEP’s discretion.For companies meeting the definition of BEM, BEP’s BEM Device Lab is used to make informed decisions about providing Test Decks to BEMs.  BEP realizes that not all variations affect currency acceptance by machines.  The BEM Device Lab consists of an on-site testing service provided by BEP staff at a BEP location using BEP’s non-monetized FRN samples and eligible BEM-provided equipment.If your firm would like to receive sample notes, but your company is not currently an approved BEM or CRM, please  review the application procedures that apply to your company by clicking on one of the options below:
For companies meeting the definition of BEM, BEP’s BEM Device Lab is used to make informed decisions about providing Test Decks to BEMs.  BEP realizes that not all variations affect currency acceptance by machines. The BEM Device Lab consists of an on-site testing service provided by BEP staff at a BEP location using BEP’s non-monetized FRN samples and eligible BEM-provided equipment.The BEM Device Lab may also be used to test counterfeit notes.If your firm would like more information regarding eligibility requirements and/or how to include your company’s equipment in the BEM Device Lab, please contact at  BEM_and_CRM_Customer_Support@bep.gov
In addition to services available through BEP, BEP-approved BEMs also have access to counterfeit notes and genuine notes of varying degrees of fitness for testing purposes through the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond's Currency Technology Office (CTO). For more information about this program, email the CTO at Rich.CTO.Engineering@rich.frb.org.
Press CenterPress ReleaseBureau of Engraving and Printing and United States Mint Merge E-Commerce Solutions for Better Customer ExperienceContacts:  Lydia Washington (202) 874-3487WASHINGTON, DC – The two U.S. currency titans, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) and the United States Mint, have formed a strategic alliance to sell BEP products through the Mint’s e-commerce system beginning this fall.  This collaboration will offer collectors, gift-givers, and other customers a better experience and greater variety of numismatic currency products.
Effective Monday, October 1, 2018, BEP products will only be available for online purchase through the Mint’s online store at https://catalog.usmint.gov/ or by calling 1-800-USA-MINT (872-6468).  Hearing and speech impaired customers with TTY equipment may order by calling 1-888-321-MINT (6468).  BEP products will still be available at the BEP Washington, DC and Ft. Worth, Texas visitor center gift shops; some BEP products will also be available at Mint retail locations.  BEP bulk sales customers should continue to place orders through the BEP at 1-800-456-3408.
Please note that BEP online customer accounts will not be transferred to the Mint.  BEP customers are encouraged to set up new accounts on the Mint’s website to take advantage of the Mint’s loyalty program, to track purchases of BEP products, and to receive BEP and Mint product and promotion notifications.As of Monday, September 17, 2018, online orders will not be accepted through BEP’s online store https://catalog.usmint.gov/bureau-of-engraving-and-printing/ or telephone sales department in preparation for the transition; messaging to that effect will be posted.  Beginning October 1 at 8:00 a.m. (ET), the moneyfactorystore.gov website will no longer be accessible, and all BEP online and social media sales traffic will be redirected to the U.S. Mint’s website.
The BEP and U.S. Mint are very excited about this new partnership and look forward to providing their global customers with a unique selection of products and continued excellence in customer service.Questions regarding this transition or BEP product orders placed prior to September 17, 2018, may be directed to BEP’s Mail Order Sales Department by telephone at 1-800-456-3408.
For additional information about BEP or currency production, please visit and follow us on https://www.bep.gov/twitterredirect.html and https://www.bep.gov/facebookredirect.html at @USMoneyfactory.
For questions regarding orders placed on the Mint’s website, call 1-800-872-6468.
The Bureau of Engraving and Printing’s mission is to develop and produce United States currency notes, trusted worldwide. BEP’s vision is to be the world standard securities printer providing its customers and the public with superior products through excellence in manufacturing and innovation.As its primary function, the BEP prints billions of dollars - referred to as Federal Reserve notes - each year for delivery to the https://www.federalreserve.gov/ The Federal Reserve operates as the nation's central bank and serves to ensure that adequate amounts of currency and coin are in circulation. The BEP does not produce coins - all U.S. coinage is minted by the https://www.usmint.gov/ The BEP also advises other federal agencies on document security matters. In addition, the BEP processes claims for the redemption of mutilated currency.

The BEP's research and development efforts focus on the continued use of automation in the production process and counterfeit deterrent technologies for use in security documents, especially United States currency Leonard R. Olijar became the Director of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) in May 2015, after serving as BEP’s Deputy Director from 2012 through 2014. The mission of the BEP is to develop and produce U.S. currency, trusted worldwide.  Mr. Olijar is currently leading BEP through a major reorganization, a complete recapitalization, and a quality transformation moving from quality inspection to quality assurance.

MANUFACTURING AFRICANS DOLLARS MONEY
The Africans dollar Money (symbol: $; code : USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or Americans & Africans dollar) is the official currency of the ( USAmerica - USAfrica ) United States and its inter USAmerica and USAfrica territories per the Coinage Act of 1792. One dollar is divided into 100  cents (symbol:¢ ), or into 1000 mills for accounting and taxation purposes (symbol: ₥). The Coinage Act of 1792 created a decimal currency by creating the dime, nickel, and penny, as well as the dollar, half dollar, and quarter dollar coins, all of which are still minted in 2021. Several forms of paper money were introduced by Congress over the years, the latest of which being the Federal Reserve Note that was authorized by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. While all existing U.S. currency remains legal tender,[7] issuance of the previous form of the currency (U.S. notes) was discontinued in January 1971.[8] As a result, paper money that is in current circulation consists primarily of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in U.S. dollars.[9] Since the convertibility of paper U.S. currency into any precious metal was suspended in 1971,[10] the U.S. dollar is de facto fiat money.[11] Not only is the U.S. dollar the world's primary reserve  currency as the most used in international transactions,[12] it is the official currency in several countries and the de facto currency in many others.[13][14] Aside from the United States itself, the American and Africans dollar is also used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean : the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money while still minting their own coins, or also accepting U.S. dollar coins (such as the  Sacagawea or Presidential dollar). As of February 10, 2021, there is approximately US$2.10 trillion in circulation, $2.05 trillion of which is in the Federal Reserve Notes (the remaining $50 billion is in the form of U.S. notes and coins).[15]The U.S. dollar as a currency is sometimes referred to as the greenback by the financial press in other countries, such as Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and India, due to the banknotes' historically predominantly green color.[16][17][18][19]

In the Constitution
Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution provides that Congress has the power "[t]o coin money."[11] Laws implementing this power are currently codified in Title 31 of the U.S. Code, under Section 5112, which prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued.[12] These coins are both designated in the section as "legal tender" in payment of debts.[12] The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, in contrast to the American Silver Eagle which is pure silver. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins, which have values ranging from one cent (U.S. Penny) to 100 dollars.[12] These other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar.
Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution provides that "a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time,"[13] which is further specified by Section 331 of Title 31 of the U.S. Code.[14] The sums of money reported in the "Statements" are currently expressed in U.S. dollars, thus the U.S. dollar may be described as the unit of account of the United States.[15] "Dollar" is one of the first words of Section 9, in which the term refers to the Spanish milled dollar, or the coin worth eight Spanish reales.

| Overview | In the Constitution | The Coinage Act |  Decimal units |  Etymology | Nicknames  | Dollar sign | History | Origins: the Spanish dollar | Coinage Act of 1792 | Design | Continental currency | Silver and gold standards, 19th century | Note issues, 19th century | Gold standard, 20th century | Federal Reserve Notes, 20th century to present | Emergence as reserve currency | Coins | Collector coins | Banknotes | Monetary policy | International use as reserve currency | Ascendancy | As international reserve currency | In the global markets | Currencies fixed to the U.S. dollar | Value | Exchange rates | Historical exchange rates | Current exchange rates | See also |  Notes | References | Further reading | External links | Images of U.S. currency and coins |
 
United States Investment
Introduction
Official statistics show a drop in foreign direct investment in the United States (FDIUS) in 2017 and 2018 from especially robust levels in 2015 and 2016. Some analysts have attributed this drop to the United States becoming a less attractive destination for foreign investment. I argue against this hypothesis. This note demonstrates that the slowdown in FDIUS can be explained by two special factors: ²1) a handful of corporate restructurings that are purely tax- and regulation-driven and affect the equity portion of direct investment flows, and 2) a reversal in inter company debt flows that are often the result of corporate tax planning. After controlling for these special factors, I find that equity flows, the more meaningful portion of direct investment flows, were little changed in 2017 compared to the peak years of 2015-2016, and climbed to a record high in 2018.2 I construct the estimates using various data sources, as transactions associated with corporate restructurings are not separately identifiable in the official direct investment statistics. I also analyze the sharp drop in U.S. direct investment abroad (USDIA) in 2018 and find it to be similarly unique and a direct result of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA).
More information :

United States Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign Direct Investment in the United States increased by 66844 USD Million in the second quarter of 2021.Foreign Direct Investment in the United States increased by 66844 USD Million in the second quarter of 2021.
More information :
Countries with highest direct investment position received from the United States
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the amount that foreign speculators invests in firms in another country. Investors from the United States have trillions of U.S. dollars in FDI invested abroad. This gives firms in those countries access to capital that they might not have otherwise enjoyed, particularly if the firms are in developing regions such as Africa. The United States is also a target country for FDI, with hundreds of billions of U.S. dollars flowing into the United States every year.
FDI generally increases the size of both economies. The host country has an inflow in capital, which should lead to a higher number of jobs and increased productivity. The investing company should benefit from the dividends of such investments. However, any investment has default risks. These risks are magnified by the regulatory uncertainty that arises from the fact that two legal systems are involved. This can lead to political pressure, particularly if trade tensions are already high
More information :

About the Enhanced Financial Accounts (EFAs)
The Enhanced Financial Accounts initiative is a long-term effort to augment the Financial Accounts of the United States with a richer and more detailed picture of financial intermediation and interconnections. As part of this initiative, we are providing supplementary information that offers finer detail, additional types of activities, higher-frequency data, and more-aggregated data, even if such data are not available for all sectors or easily incorporated into the existing structure of the Financial Accounts. Many of the EFA projects are accompanied by FEDS Notes that provide additional information or context. Like all Financial Accounts data, EFA data are updated regularly and subject to revision.
More information :
International Finance
The Division of International Finance is responsible for basic research, policy analysis, and reporting in the areas of foreign economic activity, U.S. external trade and capital flows, and developments in international financial markets and institutions. Research responsibilities are shared by staff economists in the seven sections listed below as well as by the officers in the Program Direction group.

International Finance Discussion Papers (IFDP)
Among the various explanations for the run-up in oil and commodity prices of recent years, one story focuses on the role of monetary policy in the United States and in developing economies. In this view, developing countries that peg their currencies to the dollar were forced to ease their monetary policies after reductions in U.S. interest rates, leading to economic overheating, excess demand for oil and other commodities, and rising commodity prices. We assess that hypothesis using the Federal Reserve staff’s forward-looking, multi-country, dynamic general equilibrium model, SIGMA.
We find that even if many developing country currencies were pegged to the dollar, an easing of U.S. monetary policy would lead to only a transitory run up in oil prices. Instead, strong economic growth in many developing economies, as well as shortfalls in oil production, better explain the sustained run up in oil prices observed until earlier this year. Moreover, a closer look at exchange rates and interest rates around the world suggests that the monetary policies of many developing economies, including in East Asia, are less closely influenced by U.S. policies than is frequently assumed

Full paper (screen reader version)
Keywords: Oil prices, SDGE models, monetary policy
PDF : Full Paper

Financial Stability
The Division of Financial Stability is responsible for coordinating and supporting the Board's work on financial stability. In conjunction with other Board divisions, the division identifies and analyzes potential threats to financial stability; monitors financial markets, institutions, and structures; and assesses and recommends policy alternatives to address these threats. In addition, the division fosters broader understanding of financial stability issues by undertaking longer term research, primarily in banking, finance, and macroeconomics.

Trade and Financial Studies
The function of the Trade and Financial Studies section is to undertake theoretical and empirical research on problems in international economics that are important for the conduct of economic policy and to use the results of this and other economic research for the analysis of current policy problems. The section also bears special responsibility for supporting the research infrastructure of the division.

Consumer Credit - G.19
The G.19 Statistical Release, "Consumer Credit," reports outstanding credit extended to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures, excluding loans secured by real estate. Total consumer credit comprises two major types: revolving and non revolving. Revolving credit plans may be unsecured or secured by collateral and allow a consumer to borrow up to a prearranged limit and repay the debt in one or more installments. Credit card loans comprise most of revolving consumer credit measured in the G.19, but other types, such as prearranged overdraft plans, are also included. Non-revolving credit is closed-end credit extended to consumers that is repaid on a prearranged repayment schedule and may be secured or unsecured. To borrow additional funds, the consumer must enter into an additional contract with the lender. Consumer motor vehicle and education loans comprise the majority of non-revolving credit, but other loan types, such as boat loans, recreational vehicle loans, and personal loans, are also included.  The G.19 also reports selected terms of credit, including interest rates on new car loans, personal loans, and credit card plans at commercial banks. Historically, the G.19 also included series that measure the terms of credit for motor vehicle loans at finance companies. In the first quarter of 2011, publication of these series was temporarily suspended because of the deterioration of their statistical foundation. The statistical foundation is in the process of being improved, and publication will resume as soon as possible.
More information :

Meet the Economists
The Federal Reserve Board employs over 300 Ph.D. economists, who represent an exceptionally diverse range of interests and specific areas of expertise. Board economists conduct cutting edge research, produce numerous working papers, and are among the leading contributors at professional meetings and in major journals. Our economists also produce a wide variety of economic analyses and forecasts for the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee.

Neil R. Ericsson
Principal Economist
Trade and Financial Studies Section
International Finance
202-452-3709
ericsson@frb.gov
 
Education
Ph.D., Economics, London School of Economics, 1982
M.Sc., Econometrics and Mathematical Economics, London School of Economics, 1978
B.A., Economics, Yale University, 1976 
The USAfrica Federal Bank Reserve System Unity with United States Federal Reserve System was created on December 23, 1913, when President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act into law.
The system is composed of a central, independent Governmental Agency the Board of Governors in Washington, D.C., and 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks, located in major cities throughout the Nation.
 
Africa Dollars Money Fraud Allert :
When you have trusting information from the frauds African dollars Money please contact imediately at this :
USAfrica United High Court of Justice
Phone  : +261340261111
 
USAfrica Central Intelligence Agency 
Phone : +261330266697
Email : info.ciag2u76@gmail.com
          
Relationships for USAfrica Manufactured Gov :
Phone : +261340261111
Email : manufactured1@yahoo.com
 

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